大学国际商务复习资料.doc

名词解释 command economy：In a pure command economy,the government plans the goods and services that a country produces,the quantity in which they are produced,and the prices at which they are sold. Mixed economy:In a mixed economy,certain sectors of the economy are left to private ownership and free market mechanisms while other sectors have significant state ownership and government planning. Culture:a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living. Values:abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good,right,and desirable.Put differently,values are shared assumptions about how things ought to be. Norms:the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. Mores:mores are norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life. Organization culture:refers to the values and norms that employees of an organization share. Culture relativism:which is the belief that ethics are nothing more than the reflection of a culture---all ethics are culturally determined---and that accordingly,a firm should adopt the ethics of the culture in which it is operating. Core compete:refers to skills within the firm that competitors cannot easily match or imitate. Learning effects:refer to cost savings that come from learning by doing. Turnkey project:the contractor agrees to handle every detail of the project for a foreign client,including the training of operating personnel. Licensing agreement:is an arrangement whereby a licensor grants the rights to intangible property to another entity(the licensee)for a specified period,and in return,the licensor receives a royalty fee from the licensee. Greenfield ventures:a firm can establish a wholly owned subsidiary in a country by building a subsidiary from the ground up 判断 1.Globalization has several facets,including the globalization of markets and the globalization of production. 2.In a pur