四级写作要点.doc

四级写作注意要点 I. Diction Prefer the familiar word to the far-fetched word The concrete/specific/imitative word to the abstract/general word General In spring the weather in Beijing can be very bad and nasty. Specific It is often windy and dusty in Beijing in spring. The wind is blowing hard through the woods. ---The wind is roaring through the woods. You can almost hear the clatter of horses’ hoofs on the narrow streets, the cries of children and the laughter of the shopkeepers. II. The comma fault It was raining hard,they could not work in the field.(incorrect) It was raining so hard that they could not work in the field. It was raining hard;they could not work in the field. Because it was raining hard,they could not work in the field. It was raining hard,so they could not work in the field. As it was raining hard,they could not work in the field. III. Effective sentences The subject and predicate 他很高。 He is very tall. 东方红。 The east is red. 重庆经常下雨。 Chongqing often rains.(incorrect) It often rains in Chongqing 炒菜请上楼，包子往里走。 . (选准词，注意标点，分清主谓，分清主从) Sentence coherence . The position of adverbs and adverbial phrases 1.Try to put adverbs and adverbial phrases in the front position of a sentence so as to be coherent, but if the adverbial phrase is too long and the subject-and-predicate element is too short; it is better to put the adverbial phrases in a back position of a sentence. 2.Use more adverbs as connected words of a sentence. .Use parallel construction for parallel ideas. Conjunctions such as “and”, “but”, “nor...”,“both...and”, “either...or...”, “neither...nor ...”, “whether...or...”, “not...but...”,“not only...but also...” should be paralleled in form. In other words, nouns should be paralleled with nouns, verbs should be parallel with verbs, propositional phrase should be paralleled with prepositional phrase, subordinate clause should be paralleled with subordinate clause, and bra bra bra. e.g. March winds and April showers bring forth May flowers. Faulty: