五六章翻译复习资料.doc

第五章翻译技巧（九）名词性从句译法 一.英汉翻译过程中主语从句的处理 Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。 That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon. 物质热胀冷缩是一个普通的物理现象。 What we require is a theory which is based on various experiments and which enables us to explain more complicated phenomena. 我们需要的是建立在各种经验基础上的一种理论，它可以为我们解释更复杂的现象。 What could be a key to jetlag(时差综合症) and winter blues is the hormone melatonin（褪黑激素），which is known to regulate body rhythms. 能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人们知道这种激素能够调节人体节奏。 The king declared, “whoever makes my daughter laugh shall marry her.” 国王宣布说：“谁能博得我女儿笑就可以娶她。” (二).it+谓语+that（whether）引导的从句 如果先译主句，可以顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句，再译主句。如果先译从句，便可以在主句前加译 “这”。如： It is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。 It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. 物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。 It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes of scientists，and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 二.英汉翻译过程中表语从句的处理 表语从句是位于主句的联系动词后面，充当主句表语的从句，它也是由that，what，why，how，when，where，whether等连词和关联词引导的。一般来讲，可以先译主句，后译从句。如： This is where the shoe pinches. 这就是问题的症结所在了。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 That is why heat can melt ice，vaporize water and cause bodies to expand. 这就是为什么热能使冰融化，使水蒸发，使物体膨胀的原因。 This is what we have discussed in this article. 这就是我们在本文中所讨论的内容。 If I have seen farther than other man, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants