AP 欧洲历史 文艺复兴.docx

Chapter 11 - RenaissanceRenaissance SocietyRenaissance = re-birth of classical culturethe birth of a NEW spirit of self awareness sense of relief after a disastrous 14th century sense of self assertion celebration of the human spirit / potential Artistic achievement Renaissance can be dated as 1350-1550, and broken down into three distinct phases:Phase 1: 1350-1400: declining population, rediscovery of classical knowledge Phase 2: 1400-1500: artistic / literary achievements, population recovered, govt. stabilized Phase 3: 1500-1550: Fr. / Sp. Invasions spread the Renaissance to all of Europe Environment:Italian cities never totally disappeared as the had in the rest of Europe Late Middle Ages Italian cities represented 25% of the population By 1500 7/10 of the largest cities were Italian Developed into City-States, cities function as centers of political and ecclesiastical power Countryside developed around the city Rural Society: Landownership / sharecropping distinguished the social structure (80% subsistence farmers) Urban Society: divided by occupation Monopolies were standard (guilds) Economic change in the early Renaissance Black Death Over production, aggregate demand declined, prices declined, labor supply declined, wages increased standard of living increased for the poor wealthy consumption pattern became increasingly conspicuous (lack of motivation for investment, heightened sense of mortality) Consumption of luxuries placed a higher value on skilled craftsmen (creativity) Family Unit:Primary economic unit, as well as a grouping of relatives Marriage was a political / economic transaction Patronage, dowry and status were primary considerations Men married in their thirties (social dysfunction), women in late teens Married women lived in a constant state of pregnancy (family interests) Wealthy hired help, poor experienced high mortality rates Life for the poor improved (but was still fairly terrible) Health increased - due to increased grain supply relati