对外汉语-了的位置及用法.doc

了?for completed actions ? Exercises ?????????? Other terminology: aspectual particle 了 ? 1. When should I use it? ? When you want to express that an action is completed. Normally?了?should be placed after main verbs or at the end of sentences. tā 他 HE?? m?i ?le?? 买??了?? BUY?LE sān???? zhāng?? piào 三??????张?? ????票 THREE? ZHANG ?TICKETS He has bought 3 tickets. tā 她 SHE? b??ji??? ????ná ?lái??????????????? le? 把?酒?? ???拿?来???? ??????????了?? BA? WINE???TAKE (TOWARDS)?LE She has brought the wine.?????????????????? ? 2. When should I place the?了?at the end of a sentence, and when should I place it after the main verb of a sentence? ? 1.? If the object of a sentence is a simple one i.e. a noun, which is not attached to a number and measure word, and not attached to a descriptive clause (的?clause),?了?can be placed at the end of the sentence. In this case the particle?了?has many functions: it may indicate the completed action, or a change of situation, it may also indicate an imminent action. s.????????? ?? v.???? o.? le w?men chī? fàn???? le 我?们???吃??饭?????了. WE?????????EAT? MEAL LE We?have eaten..?[Completed action] Now we are eating.?(We didnt eat before.) [Change of situation] We are about to eat.?(我?们?要?吃?饭?了.) ? 3. Is it incorrect if I place?了?after the verb in a simple-object sentence? ? No, it is not incorrect, but it seems as if the sentence is not yet finished. It may look like the first clause of the?verb了...就...construction. For example (Also see pattern 5.), tā???chī? le?? fàn...????? (jiù?qù kàn?diàny?ng) 他?吃??了?饭?... ?????(就?去?看??电??影.) HE??EAT? LE? MEAL...???? (JIU GO? SEE?? FILM) After he finishes the meal...(hell go to see a film.) ? 4. Can I place?了?at the end of a sentence that has a complex object?? No. If the object of a sentence is a complicated one, i.e. it is preceded by a number word and measure word, or a descriptive clause,?了?is placed after the main verb of the sentence. s.? v.? le ? ?num.?mw.??? o. tā? chī? le?? li?ng? w?n?? ?fàn???????????????