医学英语课文总结.docx

医学英语课文知识总结1.Seasonal Influenza (P18)Definition: Seasonal influenza is an acute infection caused by the influenza virus.Type:Type A: A1(H1N1) and A3(H3N2) are circulating among humanType B: Only influenza A and B viruses are included in seasonal influenza vaccines Type C: much less frequently than A and BCause:1. High risk: People with certain medical conditions, such as chronic heart, lung, kidney, liver, blood or metabolicdiseases (such asdiabetes), or weakened immune systems2. Transmission: Spread by breathing in infected dropletsSigns and symptoms: high fever, cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise, sore throat and runny noseTreatment: antiviral drugs such as adamantanes and inhibitors of influenza neuraminidasePrevention: vaccinate timely(most effective);covering mouth and nose with tissue when coughing, washing hands regularly2.Diabetes (P25)Definition:Diabetes is a chornic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin,or alternatively,when thw body cannot effevtively use the insulin it produces.Type:Type 1 diabetes(previously know as insulin-dependent or childhood-onset)is characterized by a lack of insulin production.Type 2 diabetes(fromly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset)results from the bodys ineffective use of insulin.Gestational diabetes is hyperglycaemia which is first recognized during pregnancy.Common consequences：Diabetes can damage the heart,blood vessels,eyes,kindneys,and nerves.Such as:retinopathy,neuropathy;tingling;pain;numbness,or weakness in the feet and hands;fool ulcers,even amputation;kidney failure;heart disease;stroke;cardiovascular disease.Prevent:achieve and maintain healthy body weigh;be physically active;blood testing;tabacco cessation;blood pressure control;foot care;morderate blood control,people with type 1 diabetes require insulin,people with type 2 diabetes can be treated with oral medication,but may also require insulin.screening for retinopathy;blood lipid control;screening for