中石油2016通用英语选读课文08.doc

8 The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 1. The need for effective有影响力的 public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime in your life. When it does, you want to be ready. But even if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain from获益良多 studying public speaking. Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully. The training is invaluable非常宝贵的 for every type of communication. 1、在你生活的某个时刻，2. There are many similarities类似的东西 between public speaking and daily conversation. The three major goals of public speaking-to inform通知, to persuade, to entertain使有兴趣-are also the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ使用 a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically有条理地，有逻辑地. You tailor修改，调整 your message to your audience听众，观众，读者. You tell a story for maximum impact影响，效果. You adapt to使适应，使习惯 feedback反馈，反映 from your listener. These are among the most important skills you will need for public speaking. 2、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。演说的三个主要目的是：传达、说服、吸引，这些也是日常交谈的三个主要目的。在交谈中，你已经不假思索地使用很多技巧。你有条理地组织你的观点，你根据听众修改信息（tailor to）。你选择讲述某个故事以取得最大的效果。你从听众的反馈中改变自己（adapt to）。这些是你在公开演讲时所需要的最重要的技巧。 3. Of course, public speaking is also different from conversation. First, public speaking is more highly structured than conversation. It usually imposes强加，强迫 strict严格的，精确的 time limitations on the speaker, and it requires more detailed preparation than dose ordinary普通的，一般的 conversation. Second, speechmaking requires more formal language. Listeners react negatively to反映消极 speeches loaded with充满，装载 slang俚语, jargon行话, and bad grammar语法. Third, public speaking demands需要 a different method of delivery表达方式，传送，演讲. Effective speakers adjust调整 their voices to the larger audience and work at力求，致力于 avoiding distracting分散注意力的 physical身体的 mannerism特殊习惯 and verbal口头的 habits习惯. 3、当然，公开演说不同于交谈。首先，公开演讲比交谈要有更高的组织结构性。公开演说者通常受严格的时间限制，因此它需要比普通交谈更细致的准备。其次，公开