主语与谓语动词的一致.doc

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主语与谓语动词的一致

主语与谓语动词的一致 江苏沛县湖西中学 鹿俊先 221611 英语谓语动词的形式必须随其主语的人称及数的不同而变化,这就叫作主语与谓语动词的一致,简称主谓一致。 在现代英语中除动词be有不同的人称形式(am, is, are, was, were)以及动词have有特殊的单数第三人称现在式形式(has)外,其余的动词只有单数第三人称现在式形式加-s / -es,其他形式则无区别。因此对于学习者而言,主谓 一致问题主要是注意单数第三人称现在式动词形式加-s / -es的问题。处理主谓一致问题可依照不同的原则,即从不同的角度着眼。以下对这些原则及容易产生困惑之处加以分析、归纳。 1.语法一致,即主语为单数,就使用单数形式的动词,主语为复数,就使用复数形式的动词。 1.1.单数及复数名词的辨别。 某些名词单数词尾,却用作复数,如:people (人们), police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等。 People have the right to defend themselves. The police are investigating the murder of a six-year-old girl. The poultry have been fed. 某些名词复数词尾,却常用作单数,如:news, mathematics / maths, physics, politics等。 Mathematics / Maths(数学学科)is the science of pure quantity. (Her mathematics / maths(数学能力)are / is rather shaky.) The news is favourable this morning. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同,都是单数词尾,如:fish, sheep, deer, craft, Chinese, Swiss等。 In summer the red dear has a reddishbrown coat. A baby deer is able to stand up as soon as it is born. Baby deer are able to stand up as soon as they are born. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同,都是复数词尾,如:means (=way), works (=factory), crossroads, series, species, barracks, headquarters 等。 All means have been tried. Every means has been tried. 1.2.避免主语的同位语及其它修饰语语义上的干扰。 容易产生干扰的同位语:each, one of…, like …, such as…, including…, especially…, particularly…, for example,…等。 Some rubbish, such as / like food and paper, rots away over a period of time. Practical lessons, such as / like woodwork, are not considered to be as important as maths. We each have a different point of view. (each作同位语) 对照:Each of the houses is slightly different.(each作主语) Many students in our class, especially David, are fond of music. Playing football, one of his hobbies, has brought him many friends. 常见容易产生干扰的前置修饰语:more than one, many a, every以及被同化为相当于many / much / most意义的口语中常用短语:a lot of, lots of, a (great / good / large) number of, a great / good deal of, the majority of, a large quantity of等。正式书面语中的 large quantities of…的谓语动词为复数形式。 A lot of / Lots of problems are caused by unemployment. A lot of / Lots of

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