有关一些中国文化的翻译.doc

有关一些中国文化的翻译（均摘自网络）　　　 中国文化——扇子 中国被誉为制扇王国，扇子品种繁多，大约有四五百种，常见的有羽扇、芭蕉扇、团扇、蒲扇、宫扇、折扇、竹扇、鹅毛扇等。它们功用不同，团扇为大家闺秀所用；宫扇用作仪仗，有“敝风日”、“示威仪”之意；蒲扇为农妇、仆妇、媒婆、轿夫所用，文人书生惯用书画折扇；而中国著名军事家诸葛亮手持的鹅毛扇，则是沉着，机智，智慧的象征。唐代画家周昉的《簪花仕女图》上的仕女手持长柄绢团扇，是障扇的一个品种，用绢制成，并在素白的绢面上绘上牡丹，更显得高贵华丽。五代南唐的顾闳中《韩熙载夜宴图》，此画是韩熙手持着一柄方形圆角竹丝扇，他的丫环手执长柄花圆形绢扇，反映了竹丝扇和绢扇都为豪门贵族所喜爱。 　　　 Chinese Culture—The Types of Chinese Fans China is regarded as the kingdom of making fans. There are four or five hundred types of fans, among them the most popular ones are feather fans, palm? Leaf fans, silk fans, cattail leave fans, round fans (used by maids in places), folding fans, bamboo fans and goose-feather fans. Each type of fans has its own function. The silk fans were used by ladies of wealthy families. The round fans were used by maids of honor in palaces and had the function of blocking the sunshine and warding off the wind, and showing the dignity of emperors. The cattail leave fans were usually used by peasant women, female servants, woman matchmakers or sedan-chair bearers. As to the scholars, they would prefer folding fans. The goose-feather fan of Zhuge Liang, the most well-known strategist in ancient China, was the symbol of calmness, quick-wittedness and wisdom. In the Chinese painting Beauties Wearing Flowers by Zhoufang of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the silk fans with long handles the ladies were holding were a kind of blocking fans. They were made of white silk and were painted with peonies, making fans look very expensive and elegant. In the painting Han Xizai Hosting a Dinner Party by Gu Hongzhong of the South Tang period (937-975), Han Xizai was holding a square silk and bamboo fan with round corners, and his maids were holding round painted silk fans with long handles. It shows that both silk and bamboo fans were favored by powerful families and nobles in ancient China. 中国文化—年画 　　　中国人在春节的时候喜欢在家里张贴年画，以示喜庆。传统的年画内容丰富，色彩鲜艳，人物造型夸张古朴。常见的年画如“年年有余（鱼）”“招财进宝”“喜得贵子”“鲤鱼跳龙门”“岁寒三友”等。年画的历史可以追溯到东汉和六朝时期。天津杨柳青（今属天津市）、山东潍县杨家埠（今为潍坊市）和