大学英美概况整理资料.doc

英美概况个人整理资料 政治部分 一、翻译 THE?DECLARATION?OF?INDEPENDENCE PREAMBLE　　When?in?the?Course?of?human?events,?it?becomes?necessary?for?one?people?to?dissolve?the?political?bands?which?have?connected?them?with?another,?and?to?assume?among?the?Powers?of?the?earth,?the?separate?and?equal?station?to?which?the?Laws?of?Nature?and?of?Natures?God?entitle?them,?a?decent?respect?to?the?opinions?of?mankind?requires?that?they?should?declare?the?causes?which?impel?them?to?the?separation.? 前言　　 在人类事务发展的过程中，当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族的联系，并按照自然法则和上帝的旨意，以独立平等的身份立于世界列国之林时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。 A FORMAL DECLARATION OF WAR　 We,?therefore,?the?Representatives?of?the?united?States?of?America,?in?General?Congress,?Assembled,?appealing?to?the?Supreme?Judge?of?the?world?for?the?rectitude?of?our?intentions,?do,?in?the?Name,?and?by?Authority?of?the?good?People?of?these?Colonies,?solemnly?publish?and?declare,?That?these?United?Colonies?are,?and?of?Right?ought?to?be?Free?and?Independent?States;?that?they?are?Absolved?from?all?Allegiance?to?the?British?Crown,?and?that?all?political?connection?between?them?and?the?State?of?Great?Britain,?is?and?ought?to?be?totally?dissolved;?and?that?as?Free?and?Independent?States,?they?have?full?Power?to?levy?War,?conclude?Peace,?contract?Alliances,?establish?Commerce,?and?to?do?all?other?Acts?and?Things?which?Independent?States?may?of?right?do.?And?for?the?support?of?this?Declaration,?with?a?firm?reliance?on?the?Protection?of?Divine?Providence,?we?mutually?pledge?to?each?other?our?Lives,?our?Fortunes?and?our?sacred?Honor.? 因此，我们这些在大陆会议上集会的美利坚合众国的代表们，以各殖民地善良人民的名义，并经他们授权，向世界最高裁判者申诉，说明我们的严正意向，同时郑重宣布：我们这些联合起来的殖民地现在是，而且按公理也应该是，独立自由的国家；　　我们取消对英国王室效忠的全部义务，我们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系从此全部断绝，而且必须断绝；作为一个独立自由的国家，我们完全有权宣战、缔和、结盟、通商和采取独立国家有权采取的一切行动。我们坚定地信赖神明上帝的保佑，同时以我们的生命、财产和神圣的名誉彼此宣誓来支援这一宣言. Give me liberty,or give me death It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace-- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will