GMAT语法笔记--代词 Pronouns by Seven.docx

代词 PronounsManhattan部分找到指代对象，必须是个名词。如park ranger中的park其实是个adj就不行检查将代词换成其指代的名词逻辑上含义对不对。如it is X 和it refers to X是不同的。单复数一致。as long as 等会迷惑我们。This, That, These, Those用法在名词前作adj，如these materials作代词，指代与原名词不同的一个“新版本”，此时“新版本”必须被修饰说明它怎么与原来不同了。而it，they指代是为与原本完全相同的东西。例：The money spent by her parents is more than IT was expected to be. (指相同东西)The money spent by her parents is less than THAT SPENT by her children. (新版本)若单复数不合，则不能用，必须重复一次原名词。Her company is out performing THE COMPANIES of her competitors.不要用this these代替名词，如this is great是严重含糊。That和those也只有在被明确修饰为“新版本”时才能代替名词。其他时候用it, they, them例：Her products are unusual; many consider THEM unique. (不能用these)为避免歧义，同一句话中的it，its 指代同一个单数名词。同一句中的they, them，their指代同一个复数名词。尽量避免代词前出现多个可能被指代的名词。所有格是危险的名词。尽量通过平行，意义等明确指代。主语通常更重要也更可能认为被指代。There 经常指代介词短语中的名词，不是adj.例：Oil in Antarctica may be worth drilling for, if wells can be dug THERE. (错误：Antarctica oil)(1) It, itself作宾语指代回主语例： After the agreement surfaced, the commission dissolved it. After the agreement surfaced, the commission dissolved itself.(2) one another, each other用于interaction例The guests at the party interacted with one another.(3) such, other, another表与先行词相似，但不一定完全相同的东西例： After the land-use agreement surfaced, the commission decided to subject any such contracts to debate in the future. (换成any other contracts也可以)(4) one指代整体中一个不确定的一部分。It，them指代确定的部分。例： After walking by the chocolates so many times, Roger finally had to eat one. After walking by the chocolates so many times, Roger finally had to ear them.(5) do so和do it的区别。Do so可以指代前面整个动作（有时可省略so），do it的it只能指代一个实际的名词。例： Jack did not eat dinner quickly, but his brother did (so). Jack failed to do the homework, but his brother did it.It作形式主/宾语时候，不必找先行词。它指代的东西在后面，有三种情况。不定式：IT is futile to resist temptation.That引导的主语从句：IT gave us encouragement that we scored at all.后置宾语：She made it possible for us TO ATTEND the movie. She made possible our attendance at the movie.避免代词歧义的方法：用一个通用的同义词指代。如：land-use agreement→such contr