快递业“最后一公里”配送模式分析—以菜鸟驿站和丰巢为例.doc

快递业“最后一公里”配送模式分析—以菜鸟驿站和丰巢为例 张会云 尚鑫 （中国民航大学，天津 300300） [摘要]随着电子商务业的快速发展，快递业的发展进入了黄金时期，每逢旺季时期，由于快递业 “最后一公里”引发的配送脱节、货件积压乃至爆仓等一系列问题[1]。“最后一公里”问题已逐步成为制约快递企业发展的重要瓶颈[2]。改革快递“最后一公里”的传统配送模式，改善快递企业服务，迫在眉睫，势在必行。本文对目前市场上存在的两种新型“最后一公里”配送模式——菜鸟驿站和丰巢自动智能快递柜，进行详细地描述，对比分析，通过详细分析各个模式的优劣势，借鉴发达国家成功经验，对“最后一公里”配送模式提出了相应的发展建议。 [关键词]最后一公里；菜鸟驿站；智能快递柜 The analysis of the distribution mode related to “the Last Mile” of the express delivery industry ——taking Rookie Inn and Feng nest intelligent automatic express cabinet for example Zhang huiyun,Shang xin (Civil Aviation University Of China,Tianjin,300300) Abstract: With the rapid development of e-commerce, the proceedings of the express delivery industry has gone into the golden age, whenever during peak season, “the Last Mile” of the express delivery industry triggers a series of problems, such as the discrepancy of distribution, the shipment backlog even warehouse explosion, which has gradually become an important bottleneck restricting the development of express enterprise. It’s imperative to reform the traditional mode of “the Last Mile” related to the express delivery industry. this paper made detailed description and comparative analysis of two new “the Last Mile” distribution mode existing in the current market棗Rrookie Inn and Feng nest intelligent automatic express cabinet, by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each mode minutely and drawing lessons from the successful experience of the developed countries, finally it put forward the corresponding suggestions related to the “the Last Mile” distribution mode. Key Words: the Last Mile; Rookie Inn; intelligent automatic express cabinet. 一、快递“最后一公里”的传统配送模式 随着快递业的高速发展，传统配送模式暴露出了一系列问题。如图1所示，快递员从区域配送站点出发，向消费者配送快件，面临着消费者是否在家问题。如果消费者在家，则配送成功；如果消费者不在家中，且找不到合适的代收人，则配送失败，需要二次配送，甚至三次配送。 图1 快递最后一公里的传统配送模式图 这几年来，快递人员入室犯罪案件一再发生，消费者面对诸多不安全隐患，诸如人身安全、个人信息暴露等安全隐患[3]。一般情况下，快递员在上班时间进行派送，等待时间最少就需要十分钟，甚至半个小时，而且还由于收件人家中无人收货又找不到人代收等原因所产生的“二次配送”问题，大大浪费了投递资源，同时降低了投递效率[4]。 二、快递“最后一公里”的新型配送模式的发展 面对这一系列问题