汉英语篇翻译好坏比较研究.docx

汉英语篇翻译好坏比较研究 -----以《背影》两种译本为例《背影》是朱自清先生的名作，被多次选入小学教材中，我们基本上都熟知这篇感人至深的散文，本文节选了一些其中段落，并以张培基先生和杨宪益先生的译文为例来对比赏析，并探讨一下散文英译的方法与遣词及其传递的不同情感我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。父亲说:“事已如此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路!” It is more than two years since I last saw father，and what I can never forget is the sight of his back. Misfortunes never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago，grandma died and father lost his job. I left Bei-jing for Xuzhou to join father in hastening home to attend grandmas funeral. When I met father in Xuzhou，the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling down my cheeks. Father said，Now that things ve came to such a pass，its no use crying. Fortunately，Heaven always leaves one a way out.” ( 张培基译 )Though it is over two years since I saw my father, I can never forget my last view of his back. That winter my grandmother died, and my father’s official appointment was terminated, for troubles never come singly. I went from Beijing to Xuzhou, to go back with him for the funeral. When I joined him in Xuzhou I found the courtyard strewn with things and could not help shedding tears at the thought of granny. “What’s past is gone,” said my father. “It’s no use grieving. Heaven always leaves us some way out.（杨宪益译）1. “我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。”张先生译的是“It is more than two years since I last saw father，and what I can never forget is the sight of his back.”杨先生译的是“Though it is over two years since I saw my father, I can never forget my last view of his back.”汉英属于不同语系的英语和汉语在句法上各具特色，其间差异不一而足。奈达在其《Translating Meaning》（1983）一书中指出：就汉语和英语而言，也许在语言学上最重要的一个区别，就是形合和意合的对比（contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis）。其实，“意合”一词，并非奈达首创。语法学家王力在其《中国语法理论》及《汉语语法纲要》两本书中皆提及了“意合”。他在后者中言及：复合句里既有两个以上的句子形式，它们之间的联系有时候是以意合的……。英语重形合，汉语重意合。-- 早已是人们的共识。英语借助connectives（连接词）组成复句，汉语则可依靠语序直接组合复句。我觉得张先生有些汉