英汉语言对比分析期末考试资料 - 副本.doc

一 引入 1.What Is Language Transfer?谈谈自己的想法并举两个例子 Transfer is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously acquired . Odlin (1989: 27) 迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之间的相似和差异而产生的影响。奥德林 Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。 Examples of Negative Transfer：He only eat two meal a day. Morphological transfer （词形迁移）Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in Chinese. 在汉语中，名词和动词都没有形态变化。 Shanghai is said to have thirteen million population. Collocation transfer (搭配迁移)The noun renkou, the Chinese equivalent of ‘population’, can have a numerical pre-modifier. Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以用前置数词来修饰。 2.英汉语言对比（概括，句子扩充练习，不能用PPT上的例子） Chinese English Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯)Paratactic 语义型语言(以意统形) Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion（显性联接）Hypotactic形态型语言(以形驭意) left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion狮子型语言 right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock孔雀型语言 moving point of sight（视点流动） fixed point of sight（视点固定） bamboo-like sentence structure（竹式结构）with different sections linked and yet separated tree-like sentence structure （树式结构）with different parts connected like branches and sub-branches to the trunk line Topic-Comment Sentence Structure （话题-评论结构）Topic-prominent Language话题突出型语言 Subject-Predicate Sentence Structure （主语-谓语结构）Subject-prominent Language主语突出型语言 Order of linguistic elements: relatively fixed like bamboo-making （制竹）（语序相对固定） Order of linguistic elements: relatively flexible like block-building （积木）（语序相对灵活） 3.中文的竹式结构，英文的树式结构能够举例说明 从前这里有一个渔村，村里住着十户人家，这十户人家全靠打鱼、种地 为生，生活艰苦，但很安宁。 开始家人是不让父亲抽烟的，得了绝症后，想开了，抽吧，拣好的买，想抽就抽。 The chunks of a sentence seem to be connected and yet separated, like sections of a bamboo linked by the joints and yet relatively independent and self-contained. As a nation of gifted people who comprise about one-fourth of the total populat