2013-12大英四级阅读题3篇.doc

Section C Directions： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.（56题关系句） Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues（提示）, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption. A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, peoples hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food theyd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating. This disparity (新旧研究的差异）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, （57题关系句） says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol. Hunger isnt controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal， Brunstrom says. This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought. These findings echo earlier research（添加的：过去别人的研究成果） that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-r