Book 1 Unit 4-5 Grammar 定语从句.doc

Book 1 Unit 4-5 Grammar 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系词的三个作用： 代替先行词。 引导定语从句。 在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。 The apple which is red is mind. 一、 关系代词引导的定语从句： 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，可以省略。 who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is my teacher. (who作从句的主语) 正在和我父亲握手的那个人是我的老师。 He is the man (who) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人(who作从句的宾语) whom指人，在从句中作宾语，不能作主语。常可省略。 The man (whom) you met just now is my father. 你刚刚遇到的人是我父亲。 The teacher (whom) you are waiting for is coming. 你等的那位老师来了。 whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在句中作定语。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. 这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。 Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in. 没有人要准感屋顶已经坍塌了的房子。 which 只指物，不指人，可作主语和宾语。作宾语可省略。 Guilin is a city which has a history of 2000 years. 桂林是座有2000年历史的城市。 The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。 that既指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语，宾语。作宾语时可省略。 There is a film (that) I’d like to see. 有一部电影我想去看。 She is the only one among us that knows French. 她是我们中唯一懂法语的人。 二、 正确使用that 和which1. Which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，that 则不能。例如：The room in which she lives is a large one. 她居住的那个房子是个大房子。 3.先行词本身是that时，只能用which. What’s that which flashed in the sky just now？天空中刚闪过的那是什么？ 4. 当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。例如： Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English. 先行词序数词，用that引导定语从句。例如： 先行词是不定代词something, anything, thing, everything, little, some, all, much, none时，that引导定语从句。例如： Is there anything that you want in this shop?5. 先行词人物时，用that引导定语从句。例如： He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. 在who或which开头的疑问句中，若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时，用that引导定语从句。例如： Who is the girl that is singing in the hall? Which is the book that you bought last week? 主句以There be 引导时，只用that 引导定语从句。