语音学课件1.ppt

The English Speech Sounds 主讲：梁慧 The importance of phonetic study 1) Phonetics is the science of speech sounds. It deals with the sound system of a language. A language consists of three important elements, namely, speech sounds, vocabulary and grammar. Speech sound is the material form on which word and grammar rely for existence. Divorced from speech sound, word and grammar are non-existent. So the first step in studying any spoken language is to determine the phonemes. (Basic sounds) 2) As a means of communication by word of mouth, language is used in oral speech and in reading aloud. Therefore , in order to make oneself easily understood while expressing one’s own or other people’s thoughts in any language, one must be able to pronounce sentences in that language quite correctly. One must have good pronunciation in order to be able to understand other people easily when they speak or read aloud. This is proved by the well-known fact that the better we pronounce a foreign language, the easier we understand it when we hear it. Conceptions of phonetic AHD: The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language KK:A??Pronouncing??Dictionary??of??American,1956 ----John Samuel Kenyon ?John Albert Knott DJ: English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963 ----Daniel Jones RP: English Pronouncing Dictionary-- “Received Pronunciation” IPA: International Phonetic Alphabet ,1888 ----International Phonetic Association To have a good pronunciation means: 1.To pronounce correctly all the speech sounds of the language and all the combinations in their proper order not only in isolated words, but also in sentences 2. To pronounce sentences fluently at the sped required by the situation, with correct stresses, linking of sounds, rhythm, pauses and intonation. The organs of speech The classification of Speech sounds The organs of speech are capable of making many different kinds of speech sounds. Fro