语音学课件3.ppt

Intonation 主讲教师: 荆州职业技术学院人文艺术系 朱瀚 Doherty Part Ⅰ Definition of Intonation Answer questions: 1. -Are you a student? -Yes, I am. 2. -Kate! -Yes? 1. Definition of tone Tones are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords. 声调是由于声带振动的速率的不同而引起的音高变化。 Tone can be divided into the following 2 kinds: 1) level tone 2) moving tone Moving tone can be divided into the following 3 kinds: Rising tone Falling tone Falling-rising tone Language can generally be divided into the following 2 kinds: Tone language Intonation language Chinese tones: mā má mǎ mà 妈 麻 马 骂 English tones: Are you a student? ↗ I am a teacher. ↘ Would you like a cup of tea, or a cup of coffee? ↗ ↘ 2. Definition of intonation When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. 句子中除了孤立的单词之外，还被附加了音高、重音和音长等因素，所有这些东西统称为语调。 Part Ⅱ Functions of Intonation 1. Falling tone is used in the following types of sentences. 1) Ordinary statements a. She’s a very good actress. ↘ b. He was here a moment ago. ↘ c. This is John. He’s from America. ↘ 2) WH questions (special questions): a. What did you think of the show? ↘ b. Which is your favourite subject? ↘ c. 你拿的什么啊? ↘ d. 你在干什么? (普通话) 你干啥玩意儿? (东北话) ↘ 你在搞么子? (沙市话) ↘ 3) Imperative sentences (strong commands) a. Stand up! ↘ b. Be quiet! ↘ c. Out! ↘ 4) Exclamatory sentences a. What a beautiful day! ↘ b. How nice of him! ↘ c. Wow! What a beautiful girl over there! ↘ 5) The final part of the alternative questions: a. Is she American(↗) or British? ↘ b. Which is yours(↘), the blue one(↗) or the red one? ↘ c. How shall we go? (↘) By bus(↗), by train(