交传笔记常用符号!.doc

A symbol is anything, a mark, sign, letter or short word, used to represent a thing, or group of synonymous concepts. - Symbols should be clear and unambiguous - Prepare symbols in advance, dont improvise mid-speech and save much heart-ache. - Consistent. If E is energy today, then let it stay that way. Find another symbol for environment The symbols here represent not only the word written alongside them but rather all synonymous ideas, the exact version of which will be clear to you in the context of the speech you are interpreting. So change might be reform or alter depending on the context - you will remember. You dont need a symbol for each word. ?consequences ? development relations ? agriculture agreement ? environment role ? energy success ? trade problem ? politics repression ? democracy impact ? work country ? money meeting ? inflation industry ? ? ? deficit ? surplus look forward to ? change want to ? need know ? continue decide ? join propose ? listen/hear lead to, cause ? say promise ? attack agree ? thanks on the one hand ? always? (toujours in French) ...on the other hand? ? until on behalf of ? from that time on as opposed to ? before recently ? more than/less than all ? any now ? ? ? similar ? end start ? ? ? ORGANIC SYMBOLS 就是一个符号做“根”扩展成一系列相关的符号。 ? 最简单的就是把一个符号加下划线来表示加重语气，强调等。如 ： big （大）..... big （very big 很大，非常大，特别大……） 你也可以用 划 双横线、波浪线、点线 来区分不同程度。 动词时态： ? ? work work?g work?| |?work? |?w?rk working worked will work would work 词尾： ? al national (adjective) ? ally Nationally ??ze to nationalize ? tn nationalisation ? o national (noun), citizen ? return, come back, reverse, regress ? rise, increase, grow, climb etc. ? fall, decline, slide, slip, drop, shrink, ? exchange, relations, ? lead to, consequence of, therefore N continue, O … ? pleased. ? annoyed, unhappy, unimpressed, etc. ? very unhappy, disgusted, etc ? to think ō to know