语言学各章复习要点.doc

Chapter 1 要点 the definition of language the design features and the functions of language the distinction between human language and animal communication or other artificial sign system major distinctions in linguistics 实践 Unlike animal communication systems, human language is __________. A. stimulus free B. stimulus bound C. under immediate stimulus control D. stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest 2) Which of the following is the most important function of language? A. interpersonal function B. performative function C. informative function D. recreational function 3) The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree centigrade” is _______. A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative 4) __________ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics? A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Bloomfield D. John Lyons Chapter 2 要点 the definition of phonetics and its three major research fields the location, characteristics and function of the speech organs the definition and classifications of consonants and vowels the place of articulation and manner of articulations cardinal vowels IPA Broad and narrow transcription and the lip position in the pronunciation of the cardinal vowels The definition of phonology The comparison and contrast between phonetics and phonology The definition of phone, phoneme, allophone, minimal pair and free variation Theories on phoneme, phonemic contrast and complementary distribution Features on phonetic similarity and distinction Suprasegmental features (syllables, stress, tone, etc.) 实践 Of the three cavities, ___ is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds. A. nasal cavity B. pharynx C. oral cavity 2) All syllables contain a ________. A. nucleus B. coda C. onset 3）Ａsound which capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from another in a given language is a ________. A. allophone B. p