Lesson Two：Legal Profession 法律职业.docx

Lesson Two：Legal Profession 法律职业Part One： The Bar第一部分 律师协会The regulation of the legal profession is primarily the concern of the states, each of which has its own requirements for admission to practice. 法律职业的规范主要是各州的事务，每一各州对于执业许可都有其自己的要求。Most require three years of college and a law degree.大多数州都要求三年的学业和法律学位。Each state administers its own written examination to applicants for its bar. 各州自行管理本州申请律师资格的书面考试。Almost all states, however, make use of the Multistate Bar Exam, a day-long multiple-choice test, to which the state adds a day-long essay examination emphasizing its own law.不过，几乎所有的州都利用“多州律师资格考试”，这是一种长达一天的多项选择测试，在这项考试之外，各州还会再增加一次主要是关于其本州法律的时长一天的论文考试。A substantial fraction of all applicants succeed on the first try, and many of those who fail pass on a later attempt.大多数申请人都可以通过第一次考试，而且许多失败者都会在下一次考试中通过。In all, over forty thousand persons succeed in passing these examinations each year and, after an inquiry into their character, are admitted to the bar in their respective states.每年有四万多人通过这些考试，在经过人品调查之后，他们便可获准在相应的州执业许可。No apprenticeship is required either before or after admission.在获得许可之前或之后都不要求实习。The rules for admission to practice before the federal courts vary with the court, but generally those entitled to practice before the highest court of a state may be admitted before the federal courts upon compliance with minor formalities.到各联邦法院执业的许可规则互不相同，但一般来讲，那些获准在州最高法院执业的律师在办理一些无关紧要的手续之后即可获准在联邦法院执业。A lawyers practice is usually confined to a single community for, although a lawyer may travel to represent clients, one is only permitted to practice in a state where one has been admitted.律师执业范围通常仅限于一个地区，因为尽管律师可以代表当事人到其它地区办理事务，但是一个人只能在其获得许可的州内执业。It is customary to retain local counsel for matters in other jurisdictions.人们习惯雇用本州的律师办理其它洲的事务。However, one who moves to another state can usually be admitted without examination if one has practiced in a state where one has been admitted for some time, often five years.但是，只要一个人已经在其获得职业资格的州执业达一定时间（通常是五年），那么他移居到另外一个州时通常无需考试便可获得执业许可。A