Chapter 4 Chapter4 英汉对比与翻译(二).doc

Chapter 4 A Comparative Study of English and Chinese (Part II) Teaching aims: to learn about the linguistic differences of Chinese and English so as to translate them accurately. Main Language points: Comparative studies of syntactic structure in Chinese and English Difficult teaching points: hypotactic paratactic; subject-prominent topic prominent; static dynamic. Teaching references: 1. 方梦之. 翻译新论与实践[M]. 青岛出版社，2002 2. 孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程[M]. 上外教出版社；彭长江. 英汉－汉英翻译教程[M]. 湖南师大出版社； 3. 陈宏薇，新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社，2004 Teaching methods: Analysis and Practice 1. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic (形合与意合) As E. A. Nida points out in his “Translating Meaning”, …so far as English and Chinese are concerned, the most important difference linguistically is the contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis. Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses arranged with connectives; Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them; Examples: 1. That is our policy and that is our declaration. —— W. Churchill 这就是我们的国策。这就是我们的宣言。 2. First, we make clear what is doing the travelling —— a car, a bus, a plane or whatever it may be. 首先，我们要搞清旅行工具，例如小汽车、公共汽车、飞机或别的可用工具。 3.发展体育运动，增强人民体质。 Promote physical culture and build up people’s health. 4.东海缺少白玉床，龙王请来金陵王。 If the Dragon King wants a white jade bed, he applies to the Wangs of Jinling, it’s said. 2. Complex vs. Simplex (简约与繁复) The English complex sentences are often like chains with clauses linking clauses. On the other hand, the Chinese sentences or clauses tend to be short and simple in structure. They are flowing and simplex, with one clause following the other rather in a line. Illustrative examples: 1. The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have yet been invented. 月球离地球非常遥远，即使那边山上长着大树，