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文艺复兴文学
1. Introduction of the Renaissance
1) definition: European cultural movement, transition, Middle Ages, Modern Age, renewed interest in classical art, literature, and learning, ancient Roman and Greek culture
2) Humanism is the key-note.
2. English Renaissance
1) Historical background: the wars of Roses; Henry Ⅷ’s Reformation, Enclosure Movement, commercial expansion
2) Renaissance literature
Prose: More, Bacon
Poetry: Skelton, Wyatt, Surrey, Sidney, Spenser
Prose-fiction: Lyly, Nashe, Deloney
Drama: Marlowe, Shakespeare, Jonson
Renaissance poetry
Sir Thomas Wyatt: introduction into English poetry the Italian sonnet.
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey: first poet to use: English sonnet form and blank verse
Sir Philip Sidney: “Areopagus”, noble, “Thy necessity is greater than mine” the earliest writer to write sonnet sequence, pastoral romance and critical essay
① “Astrophel and Stella”— 108 love sonnets
② “Arcadia”: a pastoral romance:
③ “Defence of Poesie (Poesy)” or “Apology for Poetry” (critical essay)
Edmund Spenser— the poets’ poet, “Areopagus”, Westminster Abbey beside Chaucer
①“The Shepherd’s Calendar”: pastoral poem of 12 eclogues
② “Amoretti”: sonnet sequence consisting of 88 love poems
★ Spenserian sonnet: A sonnet form composed of three quatrains and a couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme abab bcbc cdcd ee
③ “The Faerie Queene” —masterpiece: written in Spenserian Stanza: a 9-line stanza form with the rhyme scheme of ababbcbcc and with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter or alexandrine
④“Epithalamion”: wedding songs,to celebrate his love and marriage to his wife
⑤. Characteristics of Spenser’s poetry and contributions
Renaissance Drama
1. beginning period: Miracle Play, Morality Play, the Interlude, the Classical Play
2. developing period: Christopher Marlowe (University Wits)
1) “Tamburlaine the Great”, “The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus”, “The Jew of Malta” “The Passionate Sheph
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