PWM调速.doc

基于单片机的PWM直流调速 系统的设计与实现（软件） 基于单片机的PWM直流调速 系统的设计与实现（软件） The Design and Realize of PWM DC Motor Control System Based on MCU（Software） 摘 要 本文主要介绍了基于单片机的直流调速系统的工作原理，确定了直流电机速度控制系统的基本设计方案。本设计以8051单片机为核心，以小型直流电机为对象，以44矩阵键盘作为输入，LED显示输出，从而实现了直流电机的启停、速　度和方向的控制。 本设计分析了对直流电机进行速度测量的原理，采用了PWM技术对电机进行控制，设计中实时测量了电机的实际转速，并在LED数码管上进行了显示，同时对电机速度进行PID调节，通过对占空比的计算使其转速趋近于设定值，从而达到精确调速的目的。在软件方面，文章中详细介绍了PI运算程序，初始化程序等的编写思路和具体的程序实现。调速系统中显示出很多优点，比如运行稳定，可控性好，控制精度高，误差小等等。该系统解决了以往复杂的模拟电路设计问题，增强了对直流电机速度的可控性，提高了调速系统的精度。 关键词：单片机 直流电机 PWM PID 　 Abstract This paper introduces the operating principle of DC motor speed control system based on 8051 single chip computer, and determines the basis scheme of this system. The system uses 8051 single chip computer as a core device, DC motor as a plant,4*4 keyboard matrix as an input device, LED as an output device ,then this system can 　　achieve the operation of the start-stop, speed and direction. This design analyzes to carry on the principle of the speed measures to the DC motor, using the PWM technology to control the motor, and through the computation of dutyfactor to achieve the precise velocity modulation to get the goal. etc. Measured the motors actual rotational speed by the real-time, showed it on the LED nixie tube and carried on the PID rotational speed adjustment to the motor, caused its rotational speed approach to the setting value. As for the software, this article introduces in detail the idea of the programming and how to make it. It shows many advantages, such as stable operation, easily controlled , high accuracy, little error.This system has formerly solved the complex analogous circuit design problem, strengthened to the DC motor speed controllability, and increased the velocity modulation systems precision. Keywords：Single ship computer DC motor PWM PID 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 绪 论 1 1 8051单片机简介 3 1.1 单片机概述 3 1.2 8051单片机引脚图及引脚功能 4 1.3 8051单片机的特点及基本组成 5 1.4 8051单片机中央处理器模块及内部结构 7 2 系统硬件电路设计 10 2.1 总体设计方案 10 2.2 直流电机的工作原理和调速方法 11