哈工大夏令营模联会议手册正式版.doc

哈尔滨工业大学英语夏令营 模拟联合国 会议手册 会议介绍 模拟联合国（Model United Nations）是世界各国官方和民间团体特意为青年人组织的活动。它模仿联合国及相关的国际机构，依据其运作方式和议事原则，围绕国际上的热点问题召开的会议。青年学生们扮演各个国家的外交官，以联合国会议的形式，通过阐述观点、政策辩论、投票表决、做出决议等亲身经历，熟悉联合国的运作方式，了解人类所面临的共同问题，思考自身可以发挥的作用。 Committee：United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Topic A: Global Carbon Market Facing the grievous situation of global warming, the world has attempted numerous approaches to solve the problem, among which establishing a global carbon market that applies market theory to solve environmental problems stands out. First mentions of the concept of carbon markets can be traced back to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and Kyoto Protocol (2003). Since 1997, three major global carbon markets – International Emission Trading (IET), Joint Implementation (JI) and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have been established. They triggered the growth of global compliance carbon market, including the famous European Union Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading System (EU ETS). However, despite its growth, carbon transaction worldwide still lacks a uniform certification and registration, nor does it have a central body to ensure its smooth operation. Here comes the main focus of our discussion: How to set up a widely accepted global carbon market in light of political obstacles and economic concerns? To come up with a satisfactory solution, three aspects deserve careful consideration: 1. The type of market (should it be a compliance market or voluntary market or both). 2. The control of the process (how to take control of the entire process while at the same time not violate the sovereignty of countries). 3. The balance between benefits for developing and developed nations (how to distribute carbon credits and fund among developed and developing countries). Topic B: Oil spill Oil spill is a serious problem concerning both the environment and human health. In recent decades, international organisations have raised concerns regarding the negative impa