第二章 词性及其在句中的成分.doc

第二章 词类及其在句中的成分 一、词性 英语词汇按其功能通常分为十大类。而根据其句法功能和形式特征，这十类词又可以分为实词（notional word）和虚词（form word）。 名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词都具有实际意义，可以在句子中独立担当成分，所以叫实词；冠词、介词、连词、感叹词都没有具体意义，不能在句子中担当成分，所以叫虚词。 词类表： 名称 汉译 缩写式 例词 词义 Noun 名词 n. pen 钢笔 Pronoun 代词 pron. we 我们 Adjective 形容词 adj. great 伟大的 Numeral 数词 num. four 四 Verb 动词 v. write 写 Adverb 副词 adv. quickly 快 Article 冠词 art. a, the Preposition 介词 prep. from 从… Conjunction 连词 conj. and, unless 和；除非 Interjection 感叹词 inter. Oh, well 噢；哦 二、实词的主要用法 1. 名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、同位语等。 ① The man bought a car yesterday. ( man和car分别充当主语和宾语 ) ② She was made monitor. ( monitor充当补语 ) ③ The boy student is from Canada. (boy作定语修饰主语student; Canada作介词from的宾语) ④ Lily, a teacher, is interesting. (Lily作主语；teacher是Lily的同位语) 温馨提示 名词有时候还可以作状语或独立成分。 Wait a minute！ (作状语，修饰的词wait) Kendy, could you please close the window? (作独立成分) 试一试 用下划线标出句中的名词 ① David wants to learn English well. ② Tim is considered a good student. ③ The air conditioner works well. ④ Flu, a common disease, has no cure. 2. 代词 代词可分为7大类： 人称代词 personal pronoun 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 物主代词 possessive pronoun 形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 反身代词 reflexive pronoun myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun this, that, these, those, it, such, same 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, what 关系代词 relative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, that, as 不定代词 indefinite pronoun some, something, somebody, someone, any, anything, anybody, anyone, no, nothing, nobody, no one, every, everything, everybody, everyone, each, much, many, little, a little, few, a few, other, another, all, none, one, both, either, neither 3. 形容词：用来描写或修饰名词（代词）的词。在句中可作定语、表语和补语等。 ① I spent a sleepless night. (作定语，修饰night) ② I am glad to see you. (作表语，描写I ) ③