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含洞穴地层随钻电阻率测井响应自适应hp有限元数值模拟_英文_
APPLIEDGEOPHYSICS,Vol.10,No.1(March2013),P.97-108,14Figures.DOI:10.1007/s11770-013-0368-2NumericalsimulationofLWDresistivityresponseofcarbonateformationusingself-adaptivehp-FEM*LiuDe-Jun1,MaZhong-Hua1,2,XingXiao-Nan1,LiHui1,andGuoZhi-Yong1Abstract:Mostofthecarbonateformationarehighlyheterogeneouswithcavitiesofdifferentsizes,whichmakesthepredictionofcavity-filledreservoirincarbonaterocksdifficult.Largecavitiesincarbonateformationsposeseriousthreattodrillingoperations.Logging-while-drilling(LWD)iscurrentlyusedtoaccuratelyidentifyandevaluatecavitiesinreservoirsduringdrilling.Inthisstudy,weusetheself-adaptivehp-FEMalgorithmsimulateandcalculatetheLWDresistivityresponsesoffracture-cavityreservoircavities.Comparedwiththetraditionalh-FEMmethod,theself-adaptivehp-FEMalgorithmhasthecharacteristicsoftheself-adaptivemeshrefinementandthecalculationsexponentiallyconvergetohighlyaccuratesolutions.Usingnumericalsimulations,weinvestigatedtheeffectofthecavitysize,distancebetweencavityandborehole,andtransmittedfrequencyontheLWDresistivityresponse.Basedontheresults,amethodforrecognizingcavitiesisproposed.Thisresearchcanprovidethetheoreticalbasisfortheaccurateidentificationandquantitativeevaluationofvariouscarbonatereservoirswithcavitiesencounteredinpractice.Keywords:LWDresistivity,hp-FEM,self-adaptive,exponentialconvergence,numericalsimulation,cavity,reservoirsbecauseofdiagenesis,faulting,dissolutionandotherreservoir-formingprocesses.WhenaLWDresistivityloggingtoolpassesthroughformationthatarefullofcavitiesandfractures,thewell-loggingcurvesshownoticeablechanges.Usingthefiniteelementmethod(FEM),Lovell(1993)performedatwo-dimensionalnumericalsimulationoftheLWDresistivityloggingresponse.XingandYang(2004)thoroughlyanalyzedtheresponsefunctionoftheelectromagneticpropagationresistivitylogginginstrument,andsystematicallyinvestigatedtheeffectoffieldresistivityandinstrumentgeometryparametersontheamplituderatioandphasedifferencevalueofthesignalsreceivedbythereceivercoils.Nieetal.(2010)presentedapre
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