述程式论文：现代汉语述程式的不对称研究.docVIP

述程式论文：现代汉语述程式的不对称研究 【中文摘要】述程式是现代汉语句法系统中一种非常独特的结构形式，大量出现在现代汉语口语中。关于述程式前人的研究成果非常丰富，但是，对述程式内部出现的不对称现象进行描写和解释的相关研究还非常少，比如我们可以很容易地发现述程式内部存在的一些不对称现象，例如我们可以说“热死了”，而不能说“不热死了”；“激动无比地鼓起掌来”成立，而“激动得不行地鼓起掌来”不成立。鉴于此，本文将以当今语言类型学的标记理论、语用学和认知语言学的有关理论为指导，采用形式和意义并重，描写和解释并重，静态和动态相结合的研究方法，对现代汉语述程式在句法、语义和语用上出现的不对称现象进行研究，并作出相应的解释。同时通过对述程式内部成员呈现出的标记性程度的差异的考察，尝试为程度补语列出一个合理的教学顺序，以期对对外汉语程度补语语法教学有所帮助。本文认为述程式属于程度范畴，也是典型范畴，范畴内部成员存在典型性程度的差异，因此存在无标记项和有标记项的对立，从而论证了述程式的不对称是客观存在的。接下来对述程式的有标记项和无标记项作出了判别。然后分别从句法、语义和语用的角度对述程式内部呈现出的一系列不对称现象进行了描写，并对此作出了语用和认知上的解释。最后为对外汉语语法教学中的程度补语列出了一个合理的教学顺序。总的来说我们认为现代汉语述程式的不对称是由其范畴属性决定的，在句法、语义和语用上出现的不对称现象是可以找到语用和认知上的原因的。 【英文摘要】The predicate-complement of degree structure is a kind of very unique structurein the syntactic system of modern Chinese. It appears massively in modern spokenChinese. According to the present markedness theory of linguistic typology, sometheories related to pragmatics and cognitive linguistics, the thesis describes andexplains systematically the asymmetric phenomena in the predicate-complement ofdegree structure. The main content and perspectives are as follows.(1) We come to the conclusion that the predicate-complement of degree structureis a composite structure consisting of the predicate and the degree complement. Fromthe perspective of cognitive grammar, the predicate combined with the degreecomplement is a conceptually dependent component containing degree grade quantity.The degree complement, which combines itself with the predicate and expresses highdegree quantity，is a conceptually autonomous component.(2) We come to the conclusion that the predicate-complement of degree structurepertains to “Degree Category”. The degree quantity expressed by thepredicate-complement of degree structure is blurry, abstract, subjective and relative.The predicate-complement of degree structure is also a kind of “Prototypical Category”.The internal members differ by the typical nature and the non-typical nature, whichleads to the opposition of marked item and