呼吸系统的应激状态-英文课件.ppt

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMUNDER STRESS ZHJ OBJECTIVES Use the knowledge to predict the response of the respiratory system to three physiologic stresses —Exercise —Ascent to altitude —Diving Identifies the physiologic stresses involved in exercise Predicts the responses of the respiratory system to acute exercise Describes the effects of long-term exercise programs (training) on the respiratory system Identifies the physiologic stresses involved in the ascent to altitude Predicts the initial responses of the respiratory system to the ascent to altitude Describes the acclimatization of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to residence at high altitude Identifies the physiologic stresses involved in diving Predicts the responses of the respiratory system to various type of diving EXERCISE AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXERCISE AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Acute Effects －the effects of exercise in an untrained person are mainly a function of an increase in the cardiac output coupled with an increase in alveolar ventilation EXERCISE AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Mechanics of breathing Alveolar ventilation Pulmonary blood flow Ventilation-perfusion relationships Diffusion through the alveolar-capillary barrier Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport by the blood Acid-base balance EXERCISE AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Mechanics of breathing Elastic work of breathing Resistance work of breathing EXERCISE AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Alveolar ventilation Tidal volume Frequency Anatomic dead space Alveolar dead space (if present) VD/VT EXERCISE AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pulmonary blood flow Perfusion of upper lung Pulmonary vascular resistance Linear velocity of blood flow EXERCISE AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Ventilation-perfusion relationships Ventilation-perfusion matching Ventilation-perfusion ratio EXERCISE AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Ventilation-p