2011高考英语二轮复习课件：非谓语动词.ppt

　　一般来说，非谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前时，多用完成式；同时发生时用一般式或进行式；之后发生时则用一般式。例如： Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. (2)非谓语动词的否定式为在非谓语动词前加 not。例如：not to have, not being done, not having been done, his not having succeeded 等。 2．非谓语动词的逻辑主语 (1)不定式的逻辑主语为 for sb. 或 of sb. 当逻辑主语前的形容词是表示人的品质、性格特征和心理变化的词时用 of sb. 而当形容词是表示事物的特点、特征时用 for sb.，这时的句子不可改写成以人做主语。例如： It is necessary for you to help him. It is kind of you to help him.(＝You are kind to help him.) 逻辑主语前没有形容词时用 for sb.。例如： Here is the book for you to read. (2)动名词的逻辑主语一般用名词普通格或所有格，代词宾格或所有格，但在句首时只能用所有格。例如： Do you mind me (my) smoking here? My coming late may interrupt you. (3)分词的逻辑主语一般用名词的普通格或代词的主格(主要出现在独立主格结构中)。例如： The students having finished the exercises, the teacher brought the class to an end.　　 (1)现在分词的完成式在句中只能作状语，表示时间或原因。 (2)现在分词间或也可作结果状语(表示一种自然而然的结果)。例如： It passes right through their bodies, only getting a little thicker and sweeter. 例如： I like swimming, but I dont like to swim with you now. (2)不定式、动名词作主语、表语、宾语时的一些特殊用法 ①有时动名词和不定式做主语、表语、宾语时的差别不大。 ②对称原则，即主语用什么，表语也用什么。例如： To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. ③在以下结构中多用动名词： Its no use talking a lot without doing anything. Its no good staying here. Its very dangerous. 该句型涉及的形容词和名词词组常见的有：no use, any use, some use, no good, any good, some good, a waste of time, fun, worthwhile 等。 特别提醒：还有一些形容词和名词词组既可以和动名词搭配，也可以和不定式短语搭配。不定式表示具体的动作，动名词表示抽象的行为。例如： It is useless to talk with such a man as him. It is useless talking with such a man as him. ④在以下结构中多用不定式： Its kind of you to say so. It will be a mistake for us not to help him. It took us ten minutes to help him out of the well. It cost him all his life to write the book. ⑤下列动词和动词词组可接不定式做宾语(不可接动名词)： wish, want (想、要)，hope, expect, desire, long, intend, demand, plan, beg, ask, decide, determine, promise, agree, refuse, offer, pretend, prepare, manage, fail, learn, dare, help, afford, choose, set out (着手), aim, apply, arrange, claim, swear, threaten 等。 ⑥下列动词和动词词组可接动名词做宾语(不可接不定式)： suggest,