气道通气的识别和评估（英文）.ppt

Assessment Recognition of Airway Ventilatory Compromise History Onset sudden vs gradual Known cause? Duration Constant Recurrent Provocation/Palliation Assessment Recognition of Airway Ventilatory Compromise Exacerbation Associated Signs/Symptoms Cough, chest pain, fever Interventions past evals/admits meds ever intubated before? Assessment Recognition of Airway Ventilatory Compromise Respiratory Patterns Cheyne-Stokes brain stem Kussmaul acidosis Biot’s increased ICP Respiratory Patterns Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation increased ICP Agonal brain anoxia Assessment Recognition of Airway Ventilatory Compromise Inadequate Ventilation body cannot compensate for increased oxygen demand or maintain balance Causes infection trauma brainstem injury toxic inhalation renal failure Airway Ventilation Methods: BLS Supplemental Oxygen increased FiO2 increases available oxygen objective is to maximize hemoglobin saturation Airway Ventilation Methods: BLS Oxygen source compressed gas liquid oxygen Regulators Humidifier Delivery Devices nasal cannula partial rebreather mask non-rebreather mask venturi mask small volume nebulizer Airway Ventilation Methods: BLS Airway Maneuvers Head-tilt/Chin-lift Jaw thrust Sellick’s maneuver Other Types tracheostomy with tube tracheostomy with stoma Airway Devices Oropharyngeal airway Nasopharyngeal airway Airway Ventilation Methods: BLS Mouth to Mouth Mouth to Nose Mouth to Mask One person BVM Two person BVM Three person BVM Flow restricted powered ventilator Transport ventilator One Person BVM difficult to master mask seal often inadequate may result in inadequate tidal vol gastric distention risk ventilate only until see chest rise Airway Ventilation Methods: BLS Two person BVM most efficient method Useful in C-spine inj improved mask seal and tidal volume Three person BVM less utilized used when difficulty with mask seal crowded Airway Ventilation Methods: BLS Flow-restricted, powered ventilator Cardiac sphincter opens a