打印 Exercise 7.doc

Exercise 7 TEXT A Between 10,000 B.C. and 3500 B. C., people in many parts of the world gradually stopped hunting and gathering food and became farmers. They tamed wild animals such as dogs, sheep, and goats and began to grow grain and vegetables for food. Scholars believe that women were the farmers in many of these early societies and that men hunted. In the New Stone Age, agriculture developed in many places. Anthropologists have generally concluded that it began first in the Middle East. People grew crops that were suited to the local soil and climate. In the Middle East and Africa, for example, they grew wheat, barley, and oats. They grew rice and root crops such as yams in Asia. Beans, squash, and maize, or corn were grown in the Americas. The agricultural revolution, or the change from hunting and gathering food to growing food, had a far-reaching effect on the way people lived. Since people no longer had to move in search of food, they formed permanent settlements, or villages. They built houses, and property became important. Even so, not everyone abandoned the nomadic way of life. Some people remained hunters and gatherers. Others established a stable way of life as herders of sheep, cattle, or goats. In farming villages, people had to cooperate in new ways. The heads of each family probably met to make decisions about planting and harvesting. As villages grew, a chieftain and a council of elders took the task of making decisions. Increasingly, people relied on these leaders to settle disputes over such issues as land ownership. This issue had not come up among nomadic people who did not own land. 81. What was the influence of the agricultural revolution? A. People began to move in search of food. B. Property was no more important. C. Everyone abandoned the nomadic way of life. D. Such issues as land ownership came up. 82. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. In the New Stone Age, a