备用阅读材料.doc

备用阅读材料 阅读理解1 How friendship is changing HOW many close friends do you have?Robyn Lee, a 15-year-old teenage girl who studies at York Community High School, US says she has four. But she also has 15 to 20 other friends she considers part of her regular social circle. “It’s like a bad thing to have one friend,” explained Robyn. “If you have one friend, it means only one person likes you. That’s not cool,” she said. For decades, experts studying teen friendships have known that teenagers prefer to travel in packs. In studies conducted in 1963 and in 1995, researchers found teen friendship groups averaged six persons. In 2005, when teens were asked about how many friends they kept in touch with regularly, the average answer was 20. The shift (转变) to bigger-group friendships has upsides (有利方面), such as increasing more diverse connections and improving teens’ self-esteem (自尊心) by giving them a place to belong. A past study has shown that teens with more friends in school had higher average grade-points. However, the change also has potential downsides, say psychologists (心理学家).The meaning of friendship “is becoming much more complicated,” said Bernardo Carducci, a professor of psychology at Indiana University Southeast. Mary Rose Moss, a 17-year-old in Chicago, knows firsthand how friendships can accumulate. She created a Facebook page when she was 14 and within months counted, among her group of 500 friends, teens she hadn’t seen since kindergarten (幼儿园) and others she had met only once. Text messaging has opened the door to many new connections, she said. “I’m friends with some people that I wouldn’t be as close to if it weren’t for technology,” said Moss. “It’s so easy to send a text to somebody even if you didn’t know them very well.” Some psychologists wonder whether social-networking technology is delaying opportunities to learn negotiation (协商) and other socialization skills children once got from making friends the old-fashioned way. “If someb