25肾上腺激素Adrenal hormones——山东大学药理学英文课件.ppt

Agents used in endocrine system Some endocrine hormones and relative drugs 1.adrenocorticoids 2.Posterior pituitary hormones 3.insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents 4.thyriod and anti-thyriod drugs Endocrine Glands Adrenocortical hormones Adrenocortical hormones are all the hormones that are secreted by adrenal. Adrenal Gland Actually 2 glands Each portion has different functions and secretes different hormones Adrenal Gland Adrenal medulla: secretes: Epinephrine(AD) Norepinephrine(NE) Adrenal cortex: secretes corticosteroids All adrenal cortex hormones are steroid hormones Adrenal cortex Composed of 3 layers (zones) outer zone (zona glomerulosa) produces mineralocorticoid (eg.aldosterone) middle zone (zona fasciculata) produces glucocorticoids (eg.cortisol) inner zone (zona reticularis) produces some sex hormones Adrenal regulation HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex) axis Hypothalamus pituitary adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids（GCS） Structure-activity relationship of adrenocortical hormones C17:-OH，C11:= O or –OH are necessory for GCs. C1-2:= Antiinflammatory effects stronger, effects of water-electrolyte metabolism weaker C9:-F，C16:-CH3 or -OH  Antiinflammatory effects stronger, effects of water-electrolyte metabolism weaker. [Pharmacokinetics] Absorption: orally or injection. Distribution:In plasma,77% of GCS is Bound to corticosteroid binding Globulin(CBG or transcortin), 10% is Bound to albumin, the remainder if free. Estrogen ↑　CGB Heptic disease↑CGB Elimination: metabolized in liver C4-5 and C3=0 were reduced. ! cortisone and prednisone can be separately converted into hydrocortisone and prednisolone, Then produce the effects. (in severe heptic diseae, only hydrocortisone and prednisolone can be used) Excretion: urine physiological effects At doses corresponding to normal daily production level, it was viewed as physiological effects. In physio