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Markers, QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection - Rice 标记，QTL定位和分子标记辅助选择水稻
LECTURE OUTLINE MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION: THEORY AND PRACTICE MAS BREEDING SCHEMES IRRI CASE STUDY CURRENT STATUS OF MAS SECTION 1 MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION (MAS): THEORY AND PRACTICE Definition: Marker assisted selection (MAS) refers to the use of DNA markers that are tightly-linked to target loci as a substitute for or to assist phenotypic screening Assumption: DNA markers can reliably predict phenotype Advantages of MAS Simpler method compared to phenotypic screening Especially for traits with laborious screening May save time and resources Selection at seedling stage Important for traits such as grain quality Can select before transplanting in rice Increased reliability No environmental effects Can discriminate between homozygotes and heterozygotes and select single plants Potential benefits from MAS more accurate and efficient selection of specific genotypes May lead to accelerated variety development more efficient use of resources Especially field trials Considerations for using DNA markers in plant breeding Technical methodology simple or complicated? Reliability Degree of polymorphism DNA quality and quantity required Cost** Available resources Equipment, technical expertise Markers must be tightly-linked to target loci! Ideally markers should be 5 cM from a gene or QTL DNA extractions PCR-based DNA markers Generated by using Polymerase Chain Reaction Preferred markers due to technical simplicity and cost Agarose gel electrophoresis Acrylamide gel electrophoresis 1 Acrylamide gel electrophoresis 2 SECTION 2 MAS BREEDING SCHEMES Marker-assisted backcrossing Pyramiding Early generation selection ‘Combined’ approaches 2.1 Marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) MAB has several advantages over conventional backcrossing: Effective selection of target loci Minimize linkage drag Accelerated recovery of recurrent parent 2.2 Pyramiding Widely used for combining multiple disease resistance genes for specific races of a pathogen Pyramiding is extremely dif
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