国外营销论文08Ring_VanDeVen_1992_SMJ.pdf

Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, 483-498 (1992) STRUCTURINGCOOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS PETER SMITH RING College of Business Administration, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California,U.S.A. ANDREW H. VAN DE VEN Curtis L. Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. Alliances and similar cooperative efforts are receiving increased attention in the strategic management literature. These relationships differ in significant ways from those governed by markets or hierarchies, and pose very different issues for researchers and managers. In this paper we address alternativeforms of governance in cases where multiple organizations repeatedly cooperate. We explore their characteristics and follow this with a discussion of criteria which we believe bear on the choice of governance: risk and reliance on trust. We offer propositions on relationships between these criteria and the choice of governance mechanisms. In the concluding section of the paper we explore the implications of our analysis for managers and scholars. Rapid changes in technology, the competitive based governance forms employed in pursuing environment, firm strategies and other pressures