国外营销论文09Birkinshaw_Hamel_Mol_2008_AMR.pdf

Academy of Management Review 2008, Vol. 33, No. 4, 825–845. MANAGEMENT INNOVATION JULIAN BIRKINSHAW GARY HAMEL London Business School MICHAEL J. MOL University of Reading We define management innovation as the invention and implementation of a man- agement practice, process, structure, or technique that is new to the state of the art and is intended to further organizational goals. Adopting an intraorganizational evolutionary perspective, we examine the roles of key change agents inside and outside the organization in driving and shaping four processes—motivation, inven- tion, implementation, and theorization and labeling—that collectively define a model of how management innovation comes about. Over the past half-century, scholars around research lab and GM’s invention of the M-form the world have produced a vast body of aca- organization structure), the amount of detailed demic research and writing on innovation. knowledge about how management innovation While most of this research has focused on var- is actually implemented is limited. ious aspects of technological innovation (e.g., In its broadest sense, management innova- Henderson Clark, 1990; Utterback, 1994), the tion has, of course, received considerable re- trend over the last fifteen years has been toward search attention over the years. As we discuss exploring other forms of innovation