国外营销论文99Peteraf_1993_SMJ.pdf

Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, 179-191 (1993) THE CORNERSTONESOF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE:A RESOURCE-BASED VIEW MARGARET A. PETERAF J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A. This paper elucidates the underlying economics of the resource-based view of competitive advantage and integrates existing perspectives into a parsimonious model of resources and firm performance. The essence of this model is that four conditions underlie sustained competitive advantage, all of which must be met. These include superior resources (heterogeneity within an industry), ex post limits to competition, imperfect resource mobility, and ex ante limits to competition. In the concluding section, applications of the model for both single business strategy and corporate strategy are discussed. INTRODUCTION environmental opportunities (Andrews, 1971; Thompson and Strickland, 1990). In recent years, a model of how firmscompete, Those ideas may be thought of as the basic which is unique to the field of strategicmanage- principles upon which resource-based research ment, has begun to emerge. Known as the continues to build. While the model is still in Resource-BasedView, it is regardedby some the developmental stage, it has deepened our as having momentous po