国外营销论文精品Cities in Competition Articulating the Gains from Integration.pdf

Urban Studies, Vol. 36, Nos 5± 6, 843± 864, 1999 Cities in Com petition : A rticulating the Gains from Integration Paul Cheshire [Paper received in ® na l form , January 1999] 1. Introduction This paper review s the interaction of compe- 1976; Harding, 1991), the newer city m ar- tition betw een citiesÐ territorial compe- keter s oriented both to image m anipulation titionÐ and the process of European and the repackaging of the `place product ’ integration. By `territorial competition ’ is (Ashworth and Voogd, 1990; van den Berg m eant a process through which groups, act- et al., 1993; Sadler, 1993), French (or ing on behalf of a regional or sub-regional Japanese) planner s of regional technopoles economy (typically that of a city-region), (Cohen and Simm ie, 1991), or capacity seek to promote it as a location for econom ic building and local supply-side policies (Ben- activity either implicitly or explicitly in com - nett and Krebs, 1991, 1994). What always petition with other areas. This competitive distinguishes it is its local origin and activity is often addressed to the attraction of af® liation. mobile investm ent, som etim es with discrim i- A s ha s been argued elsewhere (Cheshire nation between more and less desirable activ- and Gordon, 1996), it can be view ed as the ities. But it m ay equally be concerned with production of a local public goodÐ in this enhancing the share of existing local busi- case, additional local econom ic d