Cold War冷战.doc

The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc集团 (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact). The term cold is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, although there were major regional wars, known as proxy wars代理战争, supported by the two sides. The Cold War split the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the USSR（Union of Soviet Socialist Republics）苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟 and the US as two superpowers with profound economic and political differences: the former being a single-party Marxist–Leninist马列主义 state operating a planned economy and controlled press and owning exclusively the right to establish and govern communities, and the latter being a capitalist state with generally free elections and press, which also granted freedom of expression and freedom of association to its citizens. background There is disagreement among historians regarding the starting point of the Cold War. While most historians trace its origins to the period immediately following World War II, others argue that it began with the October Revolution in Russia in 1917 when Lenin and his Communists took power.His successor Stalin viewed his USSR as a socialist island, stating that it must see that the present capitalist encirclement is replaced by a socialist encirclement. Various events before the Second World War demonstrated the mutual distrust and suspicion between the Western powers and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union initially signed a non-aggression pact with Germany. But after the German Army invaded the Soviet Union and the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Soviet Union and the Allied powers formed an alliance of convenience.In wartime, the United States supplied both Britain and the Soviets through its Lend-Lease租借 Program.However, Stalin remained highly suspicious