专四语法重难点.doc

英语专四语法总结—不定式 不定式　　1.不定式做主语　　(1)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如：　　Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.　　(2)不定式做主语补足语：　　掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如： be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth. 　　2.不定式做宾语　　掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：　　afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。如：　　Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room. 　　3.不定式做定语　　(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。如：the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性　　(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：　　tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to do 　　This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.　　(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：　　ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……” curiosity to do “对……的好奇心”→be curious to do“对……好奇”　　ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……”　　According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.　　(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语，这些名词包括：way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (运动)，effort等。如：I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.　　We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem.　　(5)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。如：　　Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.