第五章 汉译英中的句子整合问题(学生用).doc

第五章 汉译英中的句子整合问题 ㈠形合与意合 (hypotaxis and parataxis) 在汉英双语对比中，汉语重意合，英语重形合。 英语：1. 词语的形合手段 ①词缀 ②词语的形态变化 ③词组联接手段 ①词缀： 英语：beautiful scenery 汉语：美景、美容、美其名曰 美景：a beautiful scenery 美容：to have a face lift 美其名曰：to call it by a resounding name ②词语的形态变化： 起泡酒 sparkling wine – i.e. ,wine like beer and champagne that can sparkle with foams 药酒 medicated wine – i.e., wine that has been medicated to cure disease like rheumatism 解困酒 wine to drive out sleepiness – i.e., wine that may drive out sleepiness ③词组联接手段： 介词词组、不定式词组和分词词组都是英语重要的词语形合手段。 残疾儿童教育 education for the handicapped children 展品 the exhibits on display 与同屋住的人共用的餐厅 dining room shared by flat-mates 2. 句法形合手段 充当句法关系形态形合手段的词主要是英语动词。 a. There was little to induce living things to come ashore, forsaking 放弃,? 断念, 抛弃their all-providing, all-embracing mother sea. 海岸上实在没有什么东西足以引诱海水里的小生物，使它们离开那无所不有、无所不包的海洋母体。 b. Apprised通知,? 报告of the tough ways by principal of Roslindale High School, six teachers asked out even before he arrived. 新任校长没有到职，就有六名教师得知此人在任罗斯林德尔中学校长时的高压作风而辞职了。 充当句法形合手段的各式联接成分在英语中共有三类： ①并列连词； ②从属连词； ③复合结构 ①并列连词： You try to persuade him now, I talked to him all last night, therefore I’ve done my part. 你去说服他吧，我昨晚跟他谈了一整夜，（可以说）尽力了。 ②从属连词： a. 见到他，你就会认出他来。You will recognize him when you see him. b. 他对音乐感兴趣，就来了。He came because he was interested in music. c. 你需要我，我就来。I will come if you want me. ③复合结构： a. 酒不醉人人自醉。 It is not the wine that intoxicates but the drinker who gets himself drunk. b. 人到醉时方觉醒，醒时难得醉时清。 It is not until one gets drunk that he gets sober and it is difficult for him to get as sober as he gets drunk. 现代汉语的意合来自古汉语的传统，在古汉语中，意合可以说是主流： c. 知己知彼，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必殆。 （若）知己（又）知彼，（则）（虽）百战（而）不殆； （若）不知彼而知己，（则）（将）一胜（及）一负；（若）不知彼（又）不知己，（则）每战（将）必殆。 c. （若）知己（又）知彼，（则）（虽）百战（而）不殆； You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. （若）不知彼而知己，（则）（将）一胜（及）一负； You will win one battle and lose one battle if you know yourself but are in the dark about the enemy. （若）不知彼（又）不知己，（则）每战（将）必殆。 Y