石油地质实用英语考试.doc

《地质实用英语复习要点》 Lesson 1 Text 1、Petroleum(rock-oil from the Latin Petra,rock or stone,and oleum,oil)occurs widely in the earth as gas,liquid,semisolid,or solid,or in the more than one of these states at a single place.石油（英语Petroleum一词，源于拉丁语petra和oleum，前者意为“岩石”或“石头”，后者意为“油”）以气态、液态、半固态、固态、或在某一个地方以一种以上形态广泛存在于地球中。Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon(hydrogen and carbon) compounds,with minor amounts of nitrogen,oxygen and sulfur as impurities.从化学上讲，任何石油都是由烃（碳和氧）化合物组成的极其复杂的混合物，并含有少量作为杂质的氮、氧、硫。Liquid petroleum,which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil,is the most important commercially.液态的石油，为区别于炼制油，称为原油，在商业上是最重要的。 2、（1）The oil originates in a source bed ,and a marine shale,once a black mud rich in organic compounds,is thought to be a common source rock；石油来源于烃源层，海相页岩（曾是一种富含有机化合物的黑色淤泥）被认为是一种常见的烃源岩；(2)The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock,and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally.然后石油运移到可渗透的储集岩中，为此，它可能沿垂直和水平两个方向做长距离运移。 New words Petroleum 石油，原油 hydrosphere 水界，水圈 lithosphere 岩石圈 geomorphology 地貌学，地形学 stratigraphy 地层学，区域地层 hydrocarbon 烃，碳氧化合物 bitumen 沥青 methane 甲烷 source bed 烃源层，生油层 source rock 烃源岩，油源岩 reservoir rock 储集岩 trap 圈闭，储油构造 Lesson 2 1、From the earliest times recorded by man,petroleum is frequently mentioned as having important part in the religion,the medical,and even the economic life of many regions.Not until after the middle of nineteenth century,however,when it was first discovered in large quantities underground,did its potential commercial importance become apparent.在人类最早的记载中，石油就因其在宗教、医药，甚至在许多地区的经济生活中起着重要作用而经常被述及。然而，直到19世纪中叶首次从地下发现大量石油后，石油的潜在商业价值才显现出来。 2、The actual discovery of a pool is made by the drill, but the proper location of the wildcat well to test a trap,the depth to which it should be drilled,and the detection and outlining of the oil or gas pool from what is revealed by the well and others,and wholly geologic problems.油藏实际上是通过钻井发现的，但