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生物考试大纲及试卷组成
生物考试大纲及试卷组成
I. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (33-34%)
Fundamentals of cellular biology, genetics and molecular biology are addressed.
Major topics in cellular structure and function include metabolic pathways and their regulation, membrane dynamics and cell surfaces, organelles, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle.
Major areas in genetics and molecular biology include chromatin and chromosomal structure, genomic organization and maintenance, and the regulation of gene expression.
The cellular basis of immunity and the mechanisms of antigen-antibody interactions are included. Distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are considered where appropriate.
Attention is also given to experimental methodology.
Cellular Structure and Function (16-17%)
Biological compounds
Macromolecular structure and bonding
Abiotic origin of biological molecules
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Enzyme activity, receptor binding and regulation
Major metabolic pathways and regulation
Respiration, fermentation and photosynthesis
Synthesis and degradation of macromolecules
Hormonal control and intracellular messengers
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Membrane dynamics and cell surfaces
Transport, endocytosis and exocytosis
Electrical potentials and transmitter substances
Mechanisms of cell recognition, cell junctions and plasmodesmata
Cell wall and extracellular matrix
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Organelles: structure, function, synthesis and targeting
Nucleus, mitochondria and plastids
Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes
Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles
Lysosomes, peroxisomes and vacuoles
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Cytoskeleton, motility and shape
Actin-based systems
Microtubule-based systems
Intermediate filaments
Bacterial flagella and movement
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Cell cycle, growth, division and regulation (including signal transduction)
Methods
Microscopy (e.g., electron, light, fluorescence)
Separation (e.g., centrifugation, gel filtration, PAGE, Fluorescence act
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