《外语教学法》第九章 外语教学法的发展趋势.doc

第九章 外语教学法的发展趋势 重点、常考点解析 1.Total Physical Response (全身反应法) （1）Definition and advocater(定义和倡导者) The Total Physical Response Method , put forward by James Asher in the 1970s is a language through physical activities .It emphasizes comprehension and the use of physical actions to teach a foreign language at an introductory level .It sees successful adult second language learning as a process parallelled to child first language acquisition.二十世纪七十年代阿舍提出了全身反应法，它是一种试图通过身体动作教授语言的语言教学方法，它强调在入门阶段要尽量使用身体动作来表示理解与否，它还认为成年人学习第二语言与小孩习得母语的过程是一样的。 （2）Basic principles of Total Physical Response 全身反应法的基本原则 ①Comprehension abilities precede productive skills in learning a language.在语言学习中理解能力应先于表达能力 ②The teaching of speaking should be delayed until comprehension skills are established. 理解的能力的大发展之后再培养说的能力 ③Skills acquired through listening transfer to other skills 通过说途径而获得的技能才会转移到其它方面 ④Teaching should emphasizemeaning rather than form 教学应强调语言意义，而不是语言形式 ⑤Teaching should minimize learner stress. 教学应尽量减少学生的紧张心理 （3）The general objectives of the total Physical Response method are to teach oral proficiency at a beginning level 全身反应法总的教学目标是发展初学者的语言能力 2.The Slient Way(沉默法) 1）Basic principles of the Slient Way (沉默法的基本原则) (1）Successfullearning involves commitment of the self to language acquisition through the use of slient awareness and then active trial .成功的学习需要学习者对语言习得的投入，首先是沉思的意识，然后是积极主动的试用。 （2）It takes a structural Approach to the organization of language to be taught沉默法采用结构主义的途径来组织所学语言. (3)Language is seen as strings of meaningful units by grammar rules,and is separated from its social context and taught through artificial situations.语言被看做是一组声音，约定俗成地与特定的意义联系在一起。 （4）Lessons follow a sequence based on grammatical complexity and the sentence is the basic unit of teaching 课堂教学按语法规则从易到难进行，句子是教学的基本单位； （5）The teacher focuses on propositional meaning ,rather than communicative value.教师强调主题的意义，而不是它的交际价值； （6）Students are presented with the structural patterns of the target language and learned the gr