较全英语修辞学方法.doc

1明喻(simile)明喻是用来表达两种不同事物之间的相似关系,一般用like或as连接。? 　　如:? 　　(1) O my luve is like a red,red rose? 　　That’s newly sprung in June,? 　　O my luve is like a melody? 　　That’s sweetly played in tune.? 　　(Robert Burns)? 　　(2) The young hunter was as strong as a lion and as keen-eycd as an eagle.? 　　类似as…as的用法很普遍,有的成了习惯用语,如:? 　　as timid as a mouse? 　　as white as snow? 　　as black as pitch? 　　as busy as a bee? Eg.The man cant be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 　1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 　　2.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 　　3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2暗喻(metaphor)又称隐喻,暗喻的结构不同于明喻,没有as或like之类的比较关系词,它是隐含的比较。英语词义通过暗喻方式可以产生转义:? 　　When the curtain fell,there was a storm of applause.? 　　He was so angry that he stormed about the house.? 　　暗喻多用to be结构来联系相比较的两个不同事物的:? 　　The society was his college.? 　　The guest is God of us.? 　　He is one of the dogs of the rich.? 　　Children are flowers of the motherland.? Eg.He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 3拟人(personification)比喻可以使无生命的事物具有生命,或者赋予动物以人性,从而造成某种意象或抒发某种情感。如:an angry sky;the grave yawned;killing half-an-hour;the shoulder of the hill;the foot of the mountain;the dancing daffodils; the thirsty crops.? 　　Money talked as sweetly in Athens as it had in Chicago in the old days.(John Dos Passos)? My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 The wind whistled through the trees. 风穿过树丛，树叶哗哗作响。 1.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化） 　　2.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）　　转喻(metonymy) 转喻反映两个密切相关的事物的现实关系,转喻与明喻、暗喻不同,不需要两个事物相比,而是借用一个相关的事物代表本体。因此,转喻是一种用另外一种事物的名称来代替某种事物名称的修辞 手段。如:The village rejoiced, 这里的village实际上喻指the people in the villag