心理学专业外语翻译第16页.doc

Psychology and science2 To fully investigate whether psychology, despite its problem, is justified in calling itself a science, we must first outline what a science consists of, and then see how well psychology matches these criteria. A science consists of various components; A subject matter Good theories and hypotheses Scientific methodology The scientific method Within a paradigm ↓ Hypotheses are derived ↓ From theories ↓ To be tested in scientific ways ↓ Against the world/reality ↓ To support or refute those theories A subject matter The subject matter of a science is what the science is about. There should be agreement amongst researchers about what should be 心理学与科学 II 为了全面的研究心理学是否是一门真正的科学，我们必须首先概述什么是科学的组成，然后分析心理学是否满足科学的组成标准。 科学的构成因素： 研究对象 良好的理论和研究假设 科学方法论 科学方法 范式 ↓ 假设推导 ↓ 理论 ↓ 用科学的方法检测 ↓ 与事实相比较 ↓ 支持或反驳这些理论 研究对象 科学的研究对象即科学是关于什么方面的研究。在关于研究什么，如何研究的问题上，研究者之间应该有一个统一的标准。库恩使用术studied and how. Kuhn used the term ‘paradigm’ to describe this shared set of assumption, methods and terminology. According to Kuhn’s theory of the progression of science, paradigms go through changes over time, through three historical stages: Pre-science, where there is no universally accepted paradigm. Normal science, where researches work sharing the same paradigm. Revolution, where conflicting evidence becomes so overwhelming that a paradigm-shift occurs to a new perspective Thus, the majority view at one time was that the earth was flat and was the center of the universe, but this view became more and more criticized until it was superseded. Similarly, the Newtonian paradigm of physics was replaced by Einstein’s which better fitted the facts of, for example, planetary motion. 语 “范式”来描述假设、方法和术语。 根据库恩的科学发展理论，范式随着时间的变化，经历了三个历史性阶段： 前科学时期，没有被普遍接受的范式。 常规标准科学，研究者有着相同的实验范式。 科学革命时期，以前的范式不能满足新的需要，范式发生了根本性的改变。 因此，这一时期的主要观点是地球是平的而且地球是宇宙的中心，但这种观点越来越受到批判，直到它被取代。同样的，牛顿的物理学范式也被更符合事实的爱因斯坦范式所取代例如，行星运动 Psychology’s subject matter Does psychology