美国大数据如何引领智能交通(翻译稿).docx

落基山研究所Rocky Mountain Institute大数据如何引领智能交通How big data drives intelligent transportation美国以其自由快捷地运输人和货物的能力（利用燃油）著称。但是这个“自由”却有些代价。交通运输是美国继住房之外的第二大花销。美国司机每年大约要花费8000美元，却只有4%的时间的开车。America has been built and shaped by its ability to move people and goods freely and quickly, fueled by oil. But this “freedom” comes at a cost. Transportation is America’s number-two consumer cost after housing. American drivers pay $8,000 a year for an auto they drive only 4 percent of the time.根据落基山研究所的研究，更有效地利用车辆可以在满足甚至超出当前服务水平的情况下减少46%-84%的行驶。幸运的是，我们现在可以以一种前所未有的规模获取和共享详细的交通数据，让富有创造力的软件开发商来扩展和提升我们的出行选择。它将呈现新的交通模式体系。According to?RMI research, using vehicles more productively can provide the same or better access to transportation services with?46–84 percent less driving. Fortunately, we can now access and share detailed transportation data on an unprecedented scale, allowing creative software app developers to expand and enhance our mobility options. It all amounts to an emerging new transportation paradigm.我们来试想以下这些场景：Imagine, for example, this scenario:用早餐时，你的智能手机收到了一条消息，提醒你原来的上班路线可能由于天气原因会产生拥堵。你决定采用推荐的新路径以节省15分钟的车程。然后，你用了很少的钱，在单位附近的停车场里预定了车位，因为你收到了推送的半价停车的优惠券。While eating breakfast, you receive a notification on your smartphone alerting you to weather-induced traffic delays along your normal route to work. You decide to take the suggested alternative route that will save you 15 minutes. You then reserve parking in a nearby garage at a fraction of the cost because you received a half-price push notification coupon.在你上车的途中，你看到街边的路灯憋了一个。你用智能手机咔嚓拍了张照片，然后给市政府发送了一个修补订单，这样，你就可以参加每月的现金大抽奖。While walking to your car, you notice a street lamp with a burnt-out light bulb. You snap a photo with your smartphone and place a work order with the city, and in doing so, qualify yourself for a monthly cash prize drawing.在你开车途中，你的车提醒你在你的图中有两个可以顺路拉上的乘客，而且他们/她们有五星级评分，所以你同意接上他们/她们，顺便赚点外快。送到地方后，他们/她们的手机自动完成了转账付款。On your drive, your car alerts you to two potential rideshares along your current route who have fiv