国际贸易实务考试范围.doc

PAGE  PAGE 9 名词解释 ⑴以毛作净：被包装物与未包装物相差无几或两者不易分开时，把毛重算作净重。 Gross for net: if the package weight can not be calculated separately and accurately, we always regard the product’s gross weight as net weight. ⑵公量：在计算货物重量时，使用科学方法，抽去商品中所含水分，再加标准水分重量，求得的重量称为公量。公量=（干量×（1+标准回潮率））/（1+实际回潮率） Conditioned weight=(actual weight×(1+standard regaining rate of moisture))/(1+actual regaining rate of moisture) ⑶唛头：即运输标志，是国际货物买卖合同、货运单据中有关货物标志事项的基本内容。它一般由一个简单的几何图形以及字母、数字及简单的文字等组成，通常刷印在运输包装的明显部位，目的是为了使货物运输途中的相关人员辨认货物，核对单证。 Shipping mark: shipping mark appears in sales contract and other shipping documents usually. ⑷条形码：是一组粗细间隔不等，按照一定的规则安排间距的平行线条图形及其相应的数字组成的标记，利用光电扫描设备为计算机输入所设计的特殊语言代码。 Bar code for commodities: it’s a machine-readable representation of information in a visual format on a surface. ⑸中性包装：是指在商品上的内外包装上不注明生产国别的包装，是为了适应国外市场的特殊需要，有利于扩大贸易。 Neutral packing: it means that there is neither a name of the origin, nor a name and address of the manufacturer, nor a trade mark, a brand, any word on the outer or inner packing of commodity. ⑹汇票：由一人签发给另一人的无条件书面命令，要求受票人见票时或于未来某一规定的或可以确定的时间，将一定金额的款项支付给某一特定的人或其指定人，或持票人。 Bill of exchange: ⑺备用信用证：开证行接受申请人申请，开给受益人的一种承诺，是一种承担某项义务的凭证，即开证行保证在开证申请人未履行其应履行的义务时，受益人就可根据信用证规定开立汇票，并盖交开证申请人未履约的申明，即可从开证行得到货款。它是开证行对受益人承担一项独立的、第一性义务的凭证。 Standby L/C: ⑻OCP运输条款：目的地为美东地区，必须由美西海岸登陆，再由内陆运输到东部，运费有相应减免，且由西部给予优惠。 Overland common points: in practice, goods are unloaded at the designated port along the Pacific coast by the shipping company. Then the railway company will deliver goods to the buyer on his agent. And the shipping company calculates the total freight and is responsible for the loading and unloading, storage, wharf age and transshipment expenses for transshipment to inner area. ⑼滞期费：在规定的装卸期限内，如果租船人未能完成装卸作业，为了弥补船方的损失，对超过的时间租船人应向船方支付一定的货款。 Demurrage: it is the daily penalty rate the charterer pays the owner if the vessel has not been loaded within the time allowed in the charter party. ⑽速遣费：如果租船人在规定的装卸期限内，提前完成装卸作业，则所节省的时间船方要向租船人支付一定的奖金。 Dispatch money: it is