高级(含教授级)任职资格外语考试试卷.doc

中国石化集团公司2008年高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷 英语（炼化工程） （120分钟内完成） 题 号 一 二 三 总分 1 2 1 2 1-3 得 分 阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，共25分） 短文1（12.5分） Much of any manager’s times is taken up with meetings. There are meetings with colleagues to agree a course of action. There are meetings with superiors to report and to discuss future policies. There are meetings with subordinates. Many would say that there are far too many meetings: some would be even less polite. There can be no doubt that meetings are part of every manager’s life. He should know how to cope with them. He should know the techniques of communication in meetings. He should know how to use these techniques to his own advantages. It is sometimes suggested that when a manager can’t think what to do, he hold a meeting. But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. They are merely one of many means of management communication. It may well be that a problem can be solved by a one-to-one discussion, or even by telephone. If the need can be met without a meeting, so be it. Let us therefore define a meeting, in the management sense, as the gathering together of a group of people for a controlled discussion, with a specific purpose. Each of those attending the meeting has a need to be there and both discussion and its result could not be so well achieved in any other way. It is often advisable to calculate the cost of a meeting. Do not have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are both efficient and effective. Questions: What is a meeting intended to be according to the passage? What is the main idea of the first paragraph? What should a manager know in meetings? When does a manager often hold a meeting? What is implied in the last few instances? 短文2（12.5分） The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For e